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What is a transformer?

Time:2018-09-11 19:06:55 Clicks:

 The transformer is a device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to change the AC voltage. The main components are the primary coil, the secondary coil, and the core (core). The main functions are: voltage conversion, current conversion, impedance transformation, isolation, voltage regulation (magnetic saturation transformer) and so on. According to the use can be divided into: distribution transformers, power transformers, fully sealed transformers, combined transformers, dry transformers, oil-immersed transformers, single-phase transformers, electric furnace transformers, rectifier transformers and so on.
 Transformer operation and maintenance
 1. Prevent transformer overload operation: If it is overloaded for a long time, it will cause the coil to heat up, causing the insulation to gradually age, causing short circuit between turns, short circuit between phases or short circuit to ground and oil decomposition.
 2. Guarantee the quality of insulating oil: In the storage, transportation or operation and maintenance of transformer insulating oil, if the oil quality is poor or the impurities and moisture are too much, the insulation strength will be reduced. When the insulation strength drops to a certain value, the transformer will short-circuit and cause sparks, arcs or dangerous temperatures. Therefore, the transformer should be tested regularly for oil quality during operation, and unqualified oil should be replaced in time.
 3. Prevent aging damage of transformer core insulation: If the core insulation is aging or the clamping bolt sleeve is damaged, the iron core will have a large eddy current, causing long-term heating of the iron core to cause insulation aging.
 4. Prevent accidental damage to the insulation: When the transformer is repaired, the coil or the insulating sleeve should be protected. If any damage is found, it should be disposed of in time.
 5. Ensure good wire contact: poor contact of the inner joint of the coil, connection point between the coil, contact to the high and low side bushings, and poor contact of the branch points on the tap changer, local overheating, damage to the insulation, short circuit Or open the road. The high temperature arc generated at this time decomposes the insulating oil, generates a large amount of gas, and increases the pressure inside the transformer. An explosion occurs when the pressure exceeds the gas breaker protection setting without tripping.
 6. Prevent electric shock: The power supply of the power transformer usually comes through the overhead line, and the overhead line is vulnerable to lightning strikes, and the transformer will be burnt due to breakdown of the insulation.
  7. Short-circuit protection should be reliable: the transformer coil or load will be short-circuited, and the transformer will withstand a considerable short-circuit current. If the protection system fails or the protection value is too large, it may burn the transformer. For this purpose, reliable short-circuit protection must be installed.
 8. Maintain good grounding: For low-voltage systems with protective zero connection, the neutral point of the low-voltage side of the transformer should be directly grounded. When the three-phase load is unbalanced, current will appear on the zero line. When this current is too large and the contact resistance is large, the grounding point will have a high temperature, igniting the surrounding combustible material.
 9. Prevent over temperature: Monitor the temperature change when the transformer is running. If the transformer coil wire is Class A insulation, the insulator is mainly paper and cotton yarn. The temperature has a great influence on the insulation and service life. Therefore, when the transformer is running, it must maintain good ventilation and cooling. If necessary, it can be forced. Ventilation to reduce the temperature rise of the transformer.
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